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A road is a strip of land, smoothed, paved, or otherwise prepared to allow easy travel, which provides routes for travel by automobiles or other wheeled vehicles. Road building requires the creation of a continuous right-of-way, overcoming geographic obstacles and having grades low enough to permit vehicle or foot travel. Removal of earth and rock by digging or blasting, construction of bridges and tunnels, and removal of vegetation are often needed. Roads and highways are usually constructed by road building contractors. A variety of road building equipment is employed in road building, including bulldozers, cranes, backhoe loaders, excavators, dump trucks, cement trucks, graders, and pavers.
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